![]() ![]() This statement is created on the basis of observations of the instances of such types made in experiments and of the inferences drawn from such observations. To help in understanding this work, we provide a glossary of the terms that are most important to our discussion:Īn annotation is the statement of a connection between a type of gene product and the types designated by terms in an ontology such as the GO. We demonstrate here how the GO annotation paradigm illustrates important aspects of this process. Because such annotations are so integral to the use of bio-ontologies, it is important to understand how the curatorial process proceeds. The principal use of an ontology such as the GO is for the creation of annotations by the curators of model organism databases ] and at genome annotation centers who are striving to capture, in a form accessible by computational algorithms, information about the contributions of gene products to biological systems as reported in the scientific literature. This utility comes not from the ontologies per se, but from the use to which they are put during the curation process that results in ‘annotations’. From the perspective of the biologist, the development of bio-ontologies has enabled and facilitated the analysis of very large datasets. An ontology of a given domain represents types and the relations between them, and is designed to support computational reasoning about the instances of these types. One avenue to which bioinformaticians have turned is the discipline of ontology that allows experimental data to be stored in such a way that it constitutes a formal, structured representation of the reality captured by the underlying biological science. The PubMed literature database contains over 15 million citations and it is beyond the ability of anyone to comprehend information in such amounts without computational help. ![]()
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